有色金属(选矿部分)

针对某高含碳酸钙钨多金属矿预选精矿中的低品位伴生有价金属铜、钼、铋回收开展工艺试验研究。该矿石中目的矿物品位较低，含Cu 0.22%、Mo 0.037%、Bi 0.044%、WO₃ 0.43%，同时脉石矿物方解石含量较高(CaCO₃含量为44.62%)。矿石中的有用矿物主要为白钨矿，伴生硫化矿物包括黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉钼矿、辉铋矿、黄铁矿等，属低品位铜钼铋白钨矿-方解石型难选矿石。基于详细的工艺矿物学研究，明确了硫化铜、辉钼矿及铋矿物集合体嵌布关系紧密、解离度相近的特征，确定了采用铜钼铋混浮—钼与铜铋浮选分离的主体工艺路线。通过系统的条件试验，优化了关键工艺参数：混合浮选阶段，确定最佳磨矿细度为-74µm占90%，选用活化剂BK546(用量3 000 g/t)和组合捕收剂Z-200与异戊基黄药，并确定了粗精矿精选时的水玻璃用量；在铜钼铋混合精矿的分离阶段，采用硫化钠作为抑制剂(用量300 g/t)、煤油作为捕收剂(用量4 g/t)实现了钼与铜铋的有效分离。全流程闭路试验获得良好指标：钼精矿含Mo 47.38%,Mo回收率52.25%；铜铋混合精矿含Cu 18.37%、Bi 2.54%,Cu回收率77.25%,Bi回收率55.64%。研究表明，该工艺流程成功实现了从高钙脉石难处理矿石中高效回收低品位铜、钼、铋，为同类资源综合利用提供了技术依据，并为后续从浮选尾矿中回收白钨矿创造了有利条件。

Experimental research was conducted on the recovery process of low-grade associated valuable metals copper,molybdenum,and bismuth from the pre-concentrate of a high-calcium carbonate tungsten polymetallic ore. The target mineral grades in this ore were low,containing Cu 0. 22%,Mo 0. 037%, Bi 0. 044%,and WO₃ 0. 43%,while the content of the gangue mineral calcite was high(CaCO₃ content was 44. 62%). The main valuable mineral in the ore was scheelite,with associated sulfide minerals including chalcopyrite,bornite,molybdenite,bismuthinite,pyrite,etc. This ore was classified as a low-grade copper-molybdenum-bismuth scheelite-calcite refractory tungsten ore. Based on detailed process mineralogical studies,it was determined that sulfide copper,molybdenite,and bismuth mineral aggregates had a close intergrowth relationship and similar degrees of liberation. Consequently,the main technological route of copper-molybdenum-bismuth bulk flotation followed by flotation separation of molybdenum and copper-bismuth was established.Through systematic condition tests,key process parameters were optimized:in the bulk flotation stage,the optimal grinding fineness was determined to be 90% passing 74 µm. The activator BK546(dosage was 3 000 g/t) and the combined collectors Z-200 and isoamyl xanthate were selected,and the dosage of sodium silicate for cleaning the rough concentrate was determined.In the separation stage for the copper-molybdenum-bismuth bulk concentrate,sodium sulfide was used as a inhibitor(dosage was 300 g/t) and kerosene as a collector(dosage was 4 g/t),achieving effective separation of molybdenum from copper and bismuth. The whole process closed-circuit tests yielded favorable results:the grade of molybdenum concentrate was 47. 38%,and the recovery was 52. 25%. The copper-bismuth mixed concentrate contained Cu 18. 37%, Bi 2. 54%,the recovery of Cu was 77. 25% and the recovery of Bi was 55. 64%. The research demonstrated that this process flow successfully achieved efficient recovery of low-grade copper,molybdenum,and bismuth from the refractory ore with high-calcium gangue. It provides a technical basis for the comprehensive utilization of similar resources and creates favorable conditions for the subsequent recovery of scheelite from the flotation tailings.