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随着双碳政策的实施，新能源汽车产业快速发展，高容量的锂电池得到了大规模的应用，因此，绿色、高效的提锂技术成为决定最终锂资源回收经济效益的关键因素。根据资源类型的差异，提锂技术可分为盐湖卤水提锂和矿石提锂技术两种。盐湖卤水主要用于生产工业级的碳酸锂，工艺流程简单，成本较低，但其生产条件较差，常伴随较高的Mg/Li。盐湖卤水提锂技术主要分为分步沉淀法和吸附法两种，分别用来处理低、高Mg/Li盐湖卤水资源。锂辉石、锂云母、锂黏土等锂矿石主要用于生产电池级碳酸锂，提锂工艺成熟，但生产成本高，环境污染较为严重，目前常用的工艺为硫酸焙烧法、硫酸盐培烧法、氯化焙烧法、石灰石焙烧法和碱性压煮法。结合盐湖卤水、锂辉石、锂云母和锂黏土等目前主要的锂资源，从资源储量分布、典型工艺流程、代表性矿山项目以及相应的运营成本分析等方面详细阐述了国内外锂资源提锂技术的研究和应用现状，并通过对不同锂矿资源开发技术在应用过程中的优缺点对比分析，从工业应用价值的角度来阐述现有技术中制约提锂效率的关键因素，并据此提出了不同锂资源提锂技术未来的发展方向，为提锂技术的优化更新提供相应的参考。
Abstract：With the implementation of dual-carbon strategy, the new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly, which increased the demand of high-energy lithium batteries.Therefore, the green and efficient lithium extraction technology has become a key factor in determining the economic benefits of the lithium resource recovery.According to the difference of resource types, lithium extraction technology can be divided into two kinds: Lithium extraction from salt lake brine and from the lithium ores.Salt lake brine is mainly used for the production of industrial grade lithium carbonate, the process is simple, and the cost is low, but the production conditions is poor, which often accompanied by high ratio of Mg and Li.The main lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine is step precipitation and adsorption method, which are used to treat the low and high ratio of Mg and Li salt lake brine resources respectively.Lithium ores such as spodumene, lepidolite, and lithium clay are mainly used for the production of battery grade lithium carbonate, the extraction lithium process is mature, but the production cost is high, and the environment pollution is more serious.Currently, the commonly used processes are sulfuric acid roasting, sulfate roasting, chlorination roasting, limestone roasting, and alkaline pressure boiling.This paper focused on the main lithium mineral resources such as salt lake brine, spodumene, lepidolite, and lithium clay, summarized the current research progress of lithium resources extraction lithium technology from the aspects of resource reserve distribution, typical technology flowsheet, representative mine projects and corresponding operating cost analysis.Meanwhile, this paper compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different lithium resource development technologies in the application process, the key factors which restricting the lithium extraction efficiency in the existed technology from the perspective of industrial application value are expounded, and the future development direction of lithium extraction technology with different lithium resources is put forward, so as to provide the corresponding references for the updating of lithium extraction technology.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TD955;TS396.5
引用信息:
[1]赵海平,刘志伟,刘敬智,等.国内外提锂技术研究进展及应用[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2024(08):39-50+59.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1908805); 中国科学院绿色制造创新研究院资助项目(IAGM-2019A08)
2024-06-27
2024-06-27
2024-06-27